Zoology As A Whole For MBBS/BDS/NEET/Paramedicals/Applied Sciences
Branches of Biology
· Angiology: Study
of blood vessels (Arteries & veins)
·
Apiculture:
Study of rearing of honeybees.
·
Aquaculture:
Study of rearing of aquatic organisms.
·
Auxanology:
Study of growth.
·
Actinobiology: Study
of effects of radiation on plants & animals.
·
Araneology: Study
of spiders.
·
Anthropology:
Study of natural history of man.
·
Batrachology:
Study of Frog.
·
Bacteriology:
Study of bacteria.
·
Carcinology: Study
of crustaceans.
·
Chonchology:
Study of shell of molluscs.
·
Crustaceology:
Study of Arthropods.
·
Cryobiology: Study of life at low
temperature.
·
Cytology:
Study of detailed study of cell.
·
Carcinomatology: Study of tumors & cancer-causing cells.
·
Cetology: Study
of aquatic animals(whales).
·
Ctetology:
Study of acquired characters.
·
Dermatology:
Study of skin & skin related diseases.
·
Desmology: Study
of ligaments.
·
Dendrochronolgy: Study of estimation of age of trees counting annual rings.
·
Ethology: Study
of animal behavior.
·
Ethnology:
Study of human mankind.
·
Etiology:
Study of cause of disease.
·
Embrylogy:
Study of development of organisms.
·
Eugenics:
Study of improvement of human races through he law of heredity or laws of
genetics.
·
Euthenics: Study
of improvement of human races through better nutrition & environment.
·
Euphenics:
Study of improvement of human race by Genetic engineering.
·
Entomology: Study
of insects.
·
Gerontology:
Study of ageing.
·
Gnotobiotics: Study of Germ free life.
·
Gynecology:
Study of disease related to female genital tract.
·
Histology:
Study of tissues.
·
Helminthology:
Study of helminths or parasitic worms.
·
Herpetology: Study
of amphibians.
·
Ichnology:
Study of fossils footprints.
·
Ichthyology:
Study of fishes.
·
Kinesiology:
Study of movement of body muscles.
·
Karyology:
Study of nucleus.
·
Kalology: Study
of human beauty.
·
Limnology: Study
of fresh water habitat.
·
Myology: Study
of muscles.
·
Malacology: Study
of Mollusca.
·
Mastology: Study
of mammary glands.
·
Myrmecology: Study
of ants.
·
Nidology:
Study of nests of birds.
·
Nephrology:
Study of kidney.
·
Neurology: Study
of nervous system.
·
Nematology: Study
of nematodes.
·
Odontology:
Study of teeth & gums.
·
Oncology:
Study of tumour & cancer.
·
Osteology:
Study of bones.
·
Ohiology/serpentology: Study of snakes.
·
Oology: Study
of eggs.
·
Parazoology:
Study of sponges.
·
Phenology:
Study of migration of birds.
·
Phrenology:
Study of feelings & emotions.
·
Physiology:
Study of functioning of an organ.
·
Saurology:
Study of lizards.
·
Sarcology/Mycology: Study of muscles.
·
Sitology:
Study of diets/foods.
·
Splanchology:
Study of visceral organs.
·
Syndesmology:
Study of joints.
·
Tectology:
Study of structural organization of living beings.
·
Teratology:
Study of embryonic diseases.
·
Trichology:
Study of hairs.
·
Trophology:
Study of food & nutrition.
·
Traumatology:
Study of wounds.
Important
books & their authors
Books
|
Author
|
Historia
Animalia
|
Aristotle
|
Origin
of species
|
Charles
Darwin
|
Philosophie
Zoologique
|
Lamarck
|
Systema
Naturae,Species
|
Linnaeus
|
Origin
of life on earth
|
A.I.
Oparin
|
Genera
plantarum
|
Bentham
& Hooker
|
Theories:
Theory
of natural selection : Darwin & Wallace.
·
Germplasm
theory: A. Weismann
·
Germ
theory of disease: Pasteur
·
Inheritance
of acquired character: Lamarck
·
Recapitulation
Theory / Biogenetic Law: Haeckel
·
Theory
of biogenesis: Louis Pasteur.
·
Mutation theory:
Hugo de veries
·
Survival
of fittest: Hebert spencer.
·
Heredity
& variation: Darwin.
· Cosmozoic
theory of panspermis was given by: Ritcher
Important
Days
·
World cancer day: 4th Feb
·
World Mallica day: 24th Mar
·
Malaria day : 20th Aug
·
Mosquito day: 29th Aug
·
World’s AIDS day: 1st Dec
·
International day against drug abuse & illicit Trafficking: 26thJun
Phobias (Fear of)
Ø Acarohobia: Ticks & mites
Ø Acrophobia: Height
Ø Agorophobia: Open space
Ø Algiphobia: Pain
Ø Amathophobia: Dust
Ø Androphobia: Men
Ø Anthrophobia: Flowers
Ø Gynophobia: Women
Ø Haematophobia: Blood
Ø Hydrophobia: Water
Ø Ophidiophobia: Snake
Some Common Protozoal Diseases
Diseases
|
Pathogen
|
Amoebiasis
|
Entamoeba histolytica
|
Giardiasis
|
Giardia lambia
|
Trichomoniasis
|
Trichomonas
|
Sleepingsickness
|
Trpanosoma
|
Kala-azar
|
Leishmania
|
Balantidiosis
|
Bakantidium coli
|
Malaria
|
Plasmodium
|
Connecting Links
· Nonliving
& living-Virus
·
Protozoa
& Porifera- Proterospongia
·
Plant
& animal- Euglena
·
Coelenterata
& platyhtlminthes- Ctenoplana
·
Annelida
& Artheopoda- Peripetus
·
Annelida
& Mollusca- Neopilina
·
Echinodermata
& Chordata-Balanoglossus
·
Fish
& land vertebrates- Coelocanthus
·
Fish
& Amphibians- Lung fish
·
Fish
& Tetrapoda- Latimeria
·
Amphibians
& reptiles-Seymouria
·
Reptiles
& birds- Archaeipteryx
·
Reptiles
& Mammals- Pototheria
Branches
|
Fathers
|
Zoology & Biology
|
Aristotle
|
Genetics
|
Gregor John Mendel
|
Modern Genetics
|
Bateson
|
Evolution
|
Osborn
|
Special creation theory
|
Father Saurez
|
Eugenics
|
Francis Galton
|
Mutation
|
Hugo De Vries
|
Modern embryology
|
Karl Von Baer
|
Paleontology
|
Leonado Da Vinci
|
Taxonomy
|
Carolous Linnaeus
|
BLood Groups
|
Karl Landsteiner
|
Microscopy
|
Anton Von Leehwenhoek
|
Medicine
|
Hippocrates
|
Microbiology
|
Louis Pasteur
|
Bacteriology
|
Robert Koch
|
Virology
|
W.M. Stanley
|
Immunology
|
Edward Jenner
|
Histology
|
Bichat
|
Pathology
|
Rudolf Virchow
|
Cytology
|
Robert Hook
|
Ecology
|
Reiter
|
Antibiotics
|
Alexander Felming
|
Antiseptics
|
Joseph Lister
|
Conditioned Reflex
|
Ivan Pavlov
|
Some
Common Helminthic Diseases
Diseases
|
Pathogens
|
Taeniasis
|
Taenia solium , T.
sagginata
|
Ascariasis
|
Ascaris
|
Ancylostomiasis
|
Ancylostomia
|
Elephantiasis
|
Filaria
|
Trichinosis
|
Trichinella
|
Guinea worm d/s
|
Dracunculus
|
Eye worm d/s
|
Loa loa
|
Bacterial Diseases
Diseases
|
Pathogens
|
Gonorrhoea
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
Meningitis
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
Anthrax
|
Baccilus anthracis
|
Tetanus
|
Clostridium tetani
|
Bolutism
|
Clostridium botulinum
|
Typhoid fever
|
Salmonella typhi
|
Cholera
|
Vibrio cholerae
|
Whooping cough
|
Bordetella pertusis
|
Diptheria
|
Corynebacterium diphtheria
|
Tuberculosis
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
Leprosy
|
Mycobacterium leprae
|
Syphilis
|
Treponema pallisum
|
Pneumonia
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
Shigellosis(Bacterial dysentery)
|
Shigella sonnei
|
Typhus fever
|
Rickettsia prowazekii
|
Q fever
|
Coxiella burnetii
|
Trench fever
|
Rochalinaea quintana
|
Trachoma
|
Chlamysia trachomatis
|
Rockey mountain spotted fever
|
Rickettsia rickettsii
|
Some
immunological tests & diseases
Disease
|
Test
|
Tuberculosis
|
Sputum test, Mantoux test
|
Cancer
|
Biopsy, Histopathology
|
Typhoid
|
Widal test
|
AIDS
|
Western blot
|
Dengue
|
Tourniquet test
|
True fishes: Sea horse , Bombay duck, Flying fish
, Dog fish
False fishes
· Jelly fish (Aurelia
)– Coelenterata
·
Shell fish ( Crustceans)
– Arthropoda
·
Cray fish (Grammarus)-
Arthropoda
·
Silver fish ( Lepisma) –
Arthropoda
·
Cuttle fish (
Sepia) – Mollusca
·
Devil fish (Octopus) – Mollusca
·
Starfish ( Astreas)
– Echinodermata
·
Hagfish ( Myxine) – Cyclostomata
·
Rajor fish(
Solen) – Mollusca
False
worms
·
Slow worm(Angus)- Reptilia
·
Blind worm (Uraethyphius)-Amphibian
·
Peanut worm (Spinuculus)- Sipunculida
·
Paddle worm (Chaetopterus) – Annelida
·
Peacock worm ( Sebella) –
Annelida
·
Acoen worm (Balanogolossus) – Hemichordata
·
Silk worm (Bombax
mori)-Echinodermata
·
Clam worm (Neries) – Annelida
·
Ship worm (Teredo) – Mollusca
·
Walking worm (Peripeatus)
– Arthropoda
Sea
animals
·
Sea Feather (petroides) – Coelenterata
·
Sea
stick (Virgularia) – Coelenterata
·
Sea
pansy (Renilla) – Coelenterata
·
Sea
pan (pannatula) – Coelenterata
·
Sea fan (Gorgonia) – Coelenterata
·
Sea mouse (Aphrodite) – Annelida
·
Sea mice (Chiton) – Mollusca
·
Sea
fly (Tethys) – Mollusca
·
Sea
lemon (Doris) – Mollusca
·
Sea hare (Aplysia) -Mollusca
·
Sea squid (Loligo) – Mollusca
·
Sea cucumber(Holothuria) – Echinodermata
·
Sea lily (Antedon) – Echinodermata
·
Sea urchin (Echinus) – Echinodermata
·
Sea star (Star fish) – Echinodermata
·
Sea squirt (Herdamania)- Urochordata
·
Sea horse (Hyppocampus) – Pisces
·
Sea
snake (Hydrophis) -Reptalia
·
Sea Cow (Manatee) – Mammalia
·
Sea
lion (Eumatopias) – Mammalia
Different types of heart
Type of heart
|
Description
|
Neurogenic
|
Impulse generate for functioning of
nervous system .eg Hearts of invertebrates
|
Myogenic
|
Initiation takes place from SA node eg
Frog, man
|
Venous
|
Contains only deoxygenated blood eg fish(Scoliodon)
|
Pulsating
|
Earthworm
|
One chambered
|
invertebrates
|
Two chambered
|
Fishes
|
Three chambered
|
Amphibia
|
Three & half chambered
|
Reptiles
|
Four chambered
|
Crocodiles, Alligators, Birds &
Mammals
|
13 chambered
|
Cockroach
|
Exception In Biology
·
The
hearts of reptiles are 3 chambered except in Crocodiles & Alligator
which have 4 chambered
·
Lungs
are absent in fishes but lung fishes have lung as well as gills.
·
All
land animals drink water except Desert Kangaroo Rat that never does so.
·
Ostrich & Kiwi are the birds that can’t fly.
·
Mammals
are mostly terrestrial. Bats are able to fly like birds while Whale &
Dolphin are aquatic and are able to swim like fishes.
·
RBCs are circular
& biconcave in mammals except camel & Llama where they are oval
& flat.
·
Mammals
give birth to young ones (Viviparous) but Duck billed platypus(
Ornithorhyncus) & spiny ant eater(Echidna) are egg laying mammals
(Oviparous).
·
Axolotl larva
of American Salamander (Salamander, Ambystoma) can reproduce sexually. The
phenomenon is called pedogenesis / Neoteny.
·
The
drones of honey bees develop from unfertilized eggs.
·
Phase contrast microscope is used to examine a culture of living cells.
Larvae of different animals
Animal
|
Name of larva
|
Petromyzon (Cyclostomata)
|
Ammocoetus
|
Sycon(porifera)
|
Amphiblastula
|
Ambystoma(Amphibia)
|
Axolotl
|
Aterias(Echinodermata)
|
Bipinnaria,Brachiolaria
|
Ophiothrx(Echinodermata)
|
Ophioluteus
|
Butterfly(Arthropoda)
|
Caterpillar
|
Lepas(Arthropoda)
|
Cypris
|
Taenia solium (platyhelminhes)
|
Bladderworm,Cysticercus,
Onchosphere
|
Fasciola hepatica(Platyhelminthes)
|
Miracidium,Sporocyst,Redia,
Cercaria,Metacercaria
|
Echinus(Echinodermata)
|
Echinopluteus
|
Nereis(Annelida)
|
Trochophore
|
Unio(Mollusca)
|
Glochidium
|
Pila(Mollusca)
|
Veliger
|
Hydra(Coelenterata)
|
Hydrula
|
Obelia(Coelenterata)
|
Hydula
|
Aurelia(Coelenterata)
|
Scyphistoma
|
Musca(Arthropoda)
|
Maggot
|
Penaeus(Arthropoda)
|
Mysis,Nauplius
|
Leucosolenia(Porifera)
|
Parenchymula
|
Ascaris(Nematoda)
|
Rhabdiform
|
Rana(Amphibia)
|
Tadpole
|
Balanoglosus(Hemichordata)
|
Tornaria
|
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